History and Culture of Java (Preface)
Abstract of Contents (New)

• I. Guardians of Temples and Shrines

  • 1. Kala's head and Makara

    • (1) Kirtimukha legends

    • (2) Kirtimukha in India

    • (3) Kalamakara motif

    • (4) Overview of Kala’s face and Makara in Java

    • (5) Sculptures in the collection of Penataran Museum

    • (6) Kala’ faces in modern palaces or other buildings

    • (7) Kala’s head on the back of a Ganesha statue

    • (8) Onigawara - Ridge end tiles with the face of ogre in Japan

    • (9) Shibi, Shachi and Makara in Japan

    • (10) Kirtimukha-like Monsters in Japan

    • References

  • 2. The Atlas that supports buildings

    • (1) The first sight

    • (2) Survey report on the Atlas figures in Candis in Java

    • (3) When Atlas was introduced into Java?,

    • (4) Atlas sculptures in Temples within Japan

    • References

  • 3. Dvarapala or Deva King Statues

    • (1) The Origin

    • (2) Dvarapala in Java

    • (3) Dvarapala Statues in Bali

    • (4) Modern Dvarapala

    • (5) Niou statues, or Deva-King statues, in Japan

    • References

  • 4. Lion Gatekeeper Statues

    • (1) The origin

    • (2) Lion statues in Java

    • (3) Lion statues in Japan

    • References for (1), (2), (3)

    • (4) Modern Lion statues in Japan, (New)

    • References

    • (5) Statues of wild boars, tigers, mice,  foxes and ox at temples and shrines in Japan, (New)

    • References

  • 5. Concluding remarks

    • Roots of Japanese temple guardians

  • 6. Appendix

    • Appx 1: Historical Site Map of Central and East Java

    • Appx 2: Java Map

• II. History of Java (from Java Essay)

  • Brief History of Java

  • Chronology of Java

• III. Royal genealogy in ancient Java

  • Note

  • Genealogy chart (Rvised September 2016

• IV. Legends and Tales

  • 1. A myth on the birth of Java Island

  • 2. Loro Jonggrang Legends

  • 3. Jayabaya Prophecies

  • 4. The appearance of a hero, Ken Arok

  • 5. The Tragedy in Bubat

  • 6. Siliwangi Legends

    • (1) The Story of Siliwangi

    • (2) The Story of Mundinglaya Di Kusumah

    • (3) A Tale of Tigers in Sancang Forest

  • 7. Three Pantung Sunda

    • (1) Ciung Wanara Legends

    • (2) Lutung Kasarung legends

    • (3) The story of Bujangga Manik

  • 8. Arjunawiwaha

  • 9. Krsnayana

  • 10. Arjunawijaya

  • 11.The Stasoma Story

  • 12. A tale of Mur Jangkung

  • 13. Garuda Myth

  • 14. A legendry cannon - Si Jagur or Kyai Setomo

• V. Cultural Tradition (New)

  • Wayang: Shadow Play and its Derivativess (in Japanese)

  • (ditto, English translation)

  [Modern History] A monument to fallen Japanese soldeirs