AD

West Java

AD

Central and East Java

  78

Aji Saka came from India, brought civilisation (Buddhism, letters, calendar, etc.). Their fate unknown.

 130

Dewawarman I from India founded Salakanagara in west West Java (→363).

 358

Jayasinghawarman, succeeding the properties of Salakanagara, established Tarumanagara in central West Java (→669). Several pieces of stone monuments remain to date. The Holotan Country (呵羅單國) in The Book of Sung (420–79) is assumed to be another name of Tarumanagara with the capital in the upper stream of Ciaruteun (by the author). The country appears in The Old Book of Tang (舊唐書, 618–19) as 多羅磨.

 526

Manikmaya, a son-in-law of the 7th King of Tarumanagara, Suryawarman, founded Kendan Kingdom to the east of present-day Bandung.

 612

Wretikandayun, the 4th King of Kendan moved the capital to Galuh in east West Java.

 648

Kartikeyasingha from India built Keling. The country (訶陵國) in The Old Book of Tang is assumed to be this country (by the author). The capital was probably in north Central Java.

 666

Tarusbawa, a son-in-law of the 12th king of Tarumanagara, Linggawarman, founded Sunda Kingdom (→1482). The capital was located probably around present-day Bogor (supposed by the author).

 674

Kartikeyasingha died. His wife Sima (悉莫) became the queen.

 709

Sena, a prince of Galuh, was throned. His wife was Sannha, a granddaughter of Queen Sima of Central Java. Sanjaya Harisdarma was born.

 723

Sanjaya became the 2nd King of Sunda, marrying a granddaughter of the kingdom’s founder.

c725

Selendra (probably from Sumatra) founded Sailendra Kingdom.

 732

Sanjaya moved from West Java, married a great-granddaughter of Queen Sima, founded Sanjaya Kingdom.

 745

Gajayana, a great-grandson-in-law and brother-in-law of Sanjaya, founded Kanjurhan Kingown in East Java around the present-day Malang. He is supposed to be Ji-Yan (吉延) written in The New Book of Tang (新唐書, 1060).

c752

Banu, the 2nd King of Sailendra, throned.

 760

Panakaran, the 2nd King of Sanjaya throned. His wife was a Sailendra princess. In 778, the construction of Kalasan Temple started (finished year unknown).

 782

Indra, the 3rd King of Sailendra throned. During his reign, Mendut Temple completed, the construction of Borobudur Temple started.

 812

Samaratungga, the 4th King of Sailendra. His wife was Princess Tara of Sriwijaya.

 824

Borobudur Temple completed.

 828

Princess Pramodawardhani of Sailendra married Rakai Pikatan of Sanjaya.

 832

Samaratungga died. Sailendra Kingdom was united with Sanjaya.

 838

Rakai Pikatan throned.

 850

Prince Balaputradewa of Sailendra feuded with Pikatan, his brother-in-law, moved to Sumatra, the country of his mother, and called himself the King of Sailendra.

 856

Prambanan Temple completed.

 898

Rakai Watukara (Dyah Balitung) throned. Performance of wayang and dances, chanting of poems recorded.

 929

Mpu Sindok of Sanjaya moved the capital to Medang in central East Java, opened the Isyana Dynasty.

1006

Medang was attacked by Sriwijaya and burnt. Prince Airlangga, visiting from Bali, took refuge with Princess Lesmi of Medang.

1019

Airlangga raised an army, conquered the disordered country and was made the King of Java.

1035

Kakawin Arjunawiwaha, a paean for Airlangga, written.

1037

Airlangga founded Kediri Kingdom in Kahuripan, west East Java. He promoted literature.

1135

Jayabaya became the 3rd King of Kediri. Literature prospered. Bharatayuddha, Krsnayana, Bhomantaka, etc. written.

1185

Kertajaya, a tyrant, throned.

1222

Ken Arok killed Tunggal Ametung, a despotic lord of Tumapel (around the present-today Malan), married Ken Dedes whom Ametung had abducted. Arok also conquered Kediri and opened the Singasari Dynasty.

1247

Ken Arok was assassinated by Anusa Pati, a posthumous son of Ametung.

1268

Kertanegara, the 5th King of Singasari. The kingdom most prospered. The king twice rejected Khubilai Khan’s demand to be a subject country.

1292

Marco Polo stayed in Sumatra (Java Minor), heard of Java Major (Java). After his return to Venice, he authored Il Milione.

1292

In May, Jayakatwang, Lord of Kediri under the control of Singasari, assasinated Kertanegara. Singasari ended.

1292 

In November, Khubilai Khan sent an army to attack Java. Raden Wijaya, a geat-grandson of Arok and Dedes, defeated Huan’s army and founded Majapahit Kingdom.

1328

Lady Tribuana Tunggadewi throned as the 4th monarch (queen) of Majapahit (1351). Panataran Temple developed.

1333

Kawali Kingdom branched from Sunda. Capital in east West Java.

1350

Hayam Wuruk, the 4th King of Majapahit. The country’s prestige enhanced with the aid of Premier Gajah Mada. A history/topography book, Desawarnana (Nagarakertagama) written.

1355

The Tragedy of Bubat. Royal party of Kawali, led by the 4th king, Linggabuana, who visited Majapahit for the wedding of Princess Dyah Pitaloka got into a battle, tricked by Gajah Mada, and all men died. Ladies committed suicide.

1355

Hayam Wuruk asked for the hand of Princess Dyah Pitaloka, a daughter of Liggabuana, the 4th King of Kawali.

1355

Suradipati, brother of the king succeeded and retained the state of Kawali Kingdom.

1389

Hayam Wuruk died. Struggles to the succession of throne followed.

1416

Detailed description on Majapahit in Ma Huan’s The Overall Survey of the Ocean Shores (1416).

1475

Raden Patah founded the first Islamic kingdom, Demak.

1475

Majapahit Kingdom perished.

1482

Sri Baduga (alias Siliwangi), the son-in-law of the 6th King of Kawali, Dewaniskala, unified West Java and founded Pajajaran Kingdom. The capital in Pakuan. Long poem, Pujangga Manik, and many Siliwangi stories written.

1513

The first Portuguese ship arrived at Sunda Kelapa.

1521

Surawisesa became the 2nd King of Pajajaran.

1522

Pajajaran–Portugal Friendship Treaty (to defend against Moslems, not functioned).

1526

Banten fell to the hand of Moslems led by Fatahillah.

1527

Sunda Kelapa fell.

1533

Surawisesa erected a stone monument (Batu Tulis) to the honour of Sri Baduga.

1552

Syarif Hidayat (a grandson of Sri Baduga and Moslem) at Cirebon declared independence from Pajajaran.

1579

Pakuan fell. Pajajaran perished.

Royal treasures were transported and hidden in Sumedanglarang.

1584

Panembahan Senopati, a descendant of Majapahit, called himself Sultan and founded the New Mataram Kingdom at Pajang (near Solo).

1595

The first Dutch ship arrived at Banten.

1603

Dutch East India Company (VOC) founded.

1611

VOC built a fort at Jayakarta.

1616

Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo throned. New capital at Kartasura. Territory expanded.

1619

Anglo-Banten Ally occupied the Dutch fort at Jayakarta. Governor-General P. J. Coen of VOC regained.

1621

Jayakarta renamed as Batavia. Batavia Fort constructed. Batavia city plan implemented.

1628–29

Batavia twice withstood the attacks of Sultan Agung of Mataram.

1628–29

Sultan Agung campaigned to Batavia twice (both failed).

1632

Kruiskerk (Cross-church) erected.

1640

Dutch and English descendants in Japan, including Haru, deported from Nagasaki, arrived at Batavia.

1698

The Book of Kings in the Archipelago and other series of chronicles compiled in Cirebon by Prince Wangsakerta and his team.

1710

New Batavia City Hall (The present-day Jakarta History Museum) constructed.

1722

The treason of Pieter Erberveld (abortive).

1740

The riot of Chinese.

1743

After effect of Chinese riot in Batavia (migration of Chinese). Paku Buwono II moved his palace to Surakarta (Solo).

1744

Baron van Imhoff opened his estate in Buitenzorg (the present-day Bogor). It became the governor-general’s official palace in 1870.

1755

After the Java Succession Wars, the New Mataram Kingdom was divided into the Susuhunan’s House in Solo and the Sultan’s House in Yogyakarta. The country stabilised. In both houses, history, literature and art flourished. Wayang kulit sophisticated, stage-play wayang wong and court dances (serimpi and budoyo) born.

1799

VOC resolved.

1808

Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels arrived, despatched by the French-controlled Holland. Reformed Batavia, constructed the Great Post Road across Java Island.

1810

The strategic Bandung City constructed. Daendels dismissed and replaced by Jan Willem Janssens.

1811

An English army under Lord Minto occupied Java. Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant Governor of English India, ruled Java and peripheral islands.

1815

East Indies returned to the Dutch according to the Peace of Vienna. Dutch East-Indies Government started.

1825

Java War (rebellion of Prince Diponegoro) (→1830).

1901

By order of Queen Wilhelmina, Ethic Policy was implemented. The education, medical care and the welfare of the native people greatly enhanced.

1922

In constitution, East Indies, as well as Dutch Guiana (Surinam) and Curaçao Island, was given the equal status as the Netherlands.

1942

All East Indies territory occupied by the Japanese in the Great Asian War (until the Japanese surrender on 15th August 1945).

1945

17th August, Independence of Indonesia declared (appoved on 27th December 1949 in the Round Table Conference in the Hague).